What drug is associated with nephrotoxicity?

Amphotericin B is well-recognized for its association with nephrotoxicity, making it a crucial point of discussion in the context of antifungal treatment. This polyene antifungal agent is often employed for serious fungal infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients. However, its mechanism of action involves binding to ergosterol in fungal cell membranes, which, while effective in combating infections, also affects mammalian cell membranes, particularly in the kidneys.

Nephrotoxicity can manifest as a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), electrolyte imbalances, and acute kidney injury. Clinicians typically monitor renal function closely during treatment with Amphotericin B and may implement strategies to mitigate renal damage, such as hydration and using lipid formulations that reduce nephrotoxic effects.

In contrast, the other drugs listed—Fluconazole, Caspofungin, and Voriconazole—have a different risk profile concerning nephrotoxicity. While they may have other side effects, they are not primarily known for causing significant kidney damage, which highlights Amphotericin B's distinct position in this regard. Understanding the risks associated with each antifungal agent allows healthcare providers to make informed decisions about the safest and most effective treatment