What is a common side effect associated with NRTIs?

Lactic acidosis is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that can occur as a side effect of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), which are a class of antiretroviral drugs used primarily in the treatment of HIV. NRTIs can disrupt mitochondrial DNA synthesis, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and an accumulation of lactic acid in the bloodstream. This side effect is particularly notable with certain NRTIs, such as zidovudine (AZT) and stavudine (d4T), and can present with symptoms such as deep, rapid breathing, nausea, and abdominal pain.

Understanding this side effect is crucial for monitoring and managing patients on NRTI therapy, as lactic acidosis can lead to severe complications if not recognized and treated promptly. The potential for lactic acidosis is an important consideration in the overall safety profile of NRTIs and highlights the need for regular assessment of patients receiving these medications.