What is a major side effect of Acyclovir, an antiviral used for Herpes Simplex Virus?

Acyclovir, an antiviral medication primarily used to treat infections caused by the herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus, has nephrotoxicity as a significant side effect. This is particularly relevant when considering the drug's pharmacokinetics and the environment in which it is administered. Acyclovir is primarily eliminated by the kidneys, and in cases where it is administered rapidly intravenously, it can lead to crystallization in renal tubules, resulting in acute kidney injury.

The risk of nephrotoxicity is increased in patients who are dehydrated, have pre-existing kidney conditions, or receive high doses. To mitigate this risk, hydration and careful monitoring of renal function are often recommended during treatment. Understanding this side effect is essential for healthcare professionals to ensure they provide proper care to patients receiving Acyclovir and to prevent potential complications related to renal health.

Other side effects like cardiac arrhythmia and hepatotoxicity are less commonly associated with Acyclovir. While neuropathy can occur with some antivirals or other medications, it is not a major concern specifically related to Acyclovir. Therefore, nephrotoxicity stands out as the primary concern associated with this antiviral agent.